Module 1 & 2.Imaginary situations and Experiences

MODULE 1. Imaginary situations

WOULD

Affirmative: I would organize a clean-up day.
Negative: I wouldn´t throw garbage on the streets.
Question: What would you do to make it a better place?
CONDITIONAL TYPE 2

Form
    if-clause           main clause
if + simple past + would/could/might + bare infinitive EXAMPLE: If we recycled more, there would be less garbage.
Use: To talk about imaginary situations in the present/future and their results.

CONDITIONAL TYPE 2 (ADVICE)

We use If I were you... when we want to give advice.
If I were you, I would/I wouldn´t + bare infinitive
EXAMPLE: If I were you, I´d tell him the truth.
If I were you, I wouldn´t spend all my money on clothes.Note: We can use were in all persons. 

CONDITIONAL TYPE ½

EXAMPLES: If you work hard, you will have a better chance og getting good grades.

If I were you, I would quit the school team and join a local team instead.

 

SO/SUCH

so + adjective/adverb

EXAMPLE: He´s so tired that he can´t go out.
EXAMPLE: He speaks so quickly that I don´t understand what he says.

Such a (n) + (adjective) + singular countable noun

EXAMPLE: It was such a long journey that we all fell asleep.

Such + (adjective) + uncountable noun/plural countable noun

EXAMPLES: It was such a hot weather that we decided to go to the beach.
They were such friendly people that I really like them.

Module 2. EXPERIENCES

Present perfect simple (Affirmative – negative)

Affirmative

I/You have tried snails

He/She/It has had an accident

We/You/They have flown in a plane

Negative

I/You haven’t tried shrimp

He/She/It hasn’t played well

We/You/They haven’t ridden a camel

Form: have/has + past participle

We use the present perfect for:

·         Actions which started in the past and continue to the present

·         Life experiences(time isn’t started)

·         Actions that happened in the past and we can see their results in the present.

Present perfect simple (questions & short answers)

Questions

Have I/you/we/they ever played tennis?

Has he/she/it left?

Short answers

Yes, I/you/we/they have

No, I/you/we/they haven’t

Yes, he/she/it has. No, he/she/it hasn’t

We use ever in questions

Present perfect: already, yet, since, for

·         We use already in affirmative sentences to say that something happened sooner than expected

She has already packed her suitcase

·         We use yet in negative sentence or questions to show that we expect something to happen

She hasn’t arrived yet. Has he called yet?

·         We use since to say when something began

I’ve lived here since 2005

·         We use for to say how long something has lasted

He’s had this bike for two years now

Present perfect vs simple past

·         We use the present perfect for:

            -Actions that started in the past and continue to the present

I have trained for the marathon for a year
He’s worked here since 2008

-Personal experiences

I have been to the Eiffel tower

·         We use simple past for actions that were completed in the past at a specific or implied time.
Andrew bought a car last week. Then he drove it home.

Like/As

Like= similar to He’s an athlete, like his father

Such as= like some sports, such as sky diving, are dangerous

As = in the same way Do it as I’ve shown you

Compare: He works as a teacher
He works like a slave 

 Exclamations

Exclamations express anger, surprise, fear, etc. They always take an exclamation mark (!).

·         What + a (n) + (adjective) + singular countable noun What a nice umbrella!

·         What + (adjective) + uncountable/ plural noun What bad weather!

·         How + adjective/adverb How tall she is! How fast she runs!